diff --git a/src/Extension/Frame.cpp b/src/Extension/Frame.cpp
index ec45e87d..f619c3cd 100644
--- a/src/Extension/Frame.cpp
+++ b/src/Extension/Frame.cpp
@@ -58,12 +58,12 @@ public:
     typedef std::shared_ptr<FrameCacheAble> Ptr;
 
     FrameCacheAble(const Frame::Ptr &frame){
-        if(frame->cacheAble()){
+        if (frame->cacheAble()) {
             _frame = frame;
             _ptr = frame->data();
-        }else{
+        } else {
             _buffer = FrameImp::create();
-            _buffer->_buffer.assign(frame->data(),frame->size());
+            _buffer->_buffer.assign(frame->data(), frame->size());
             _ptr = _buffer->data();
         }
         _size = frame->size();
@@ -73,6 +73,8 @@ public:
         _codec_id = frame->getCodecId();
         _key = frame->keyFrame();
         _config = frame->configFrame();
+        _drop_able = frame->dropAble();
+        _decode_able = frame->decodeAble();
     }
 
     ~FrameCacheAble() override = default;
@@ -92,9 +94,19 @@ public:
         return _config;
     }
 
+    bool dropAble() const override {
+        return _drop_able;
+    }
+
+    bool decodeAble() const override {
+        return _decode_able;
+    }
+
 private:
     bool _key;
     bool _config;
+    bool _drop_able;
+    bool _decode_able;
     Frame::Ptr _frame;
     FrameImp::Ptr _buffer;
 };
@@ -153,18 +165,18 @@ const char* getTrackString(TrackType type){
     }
 }
 
-const char *CodecInfo::getCodecName() {
+const char *CodecInfo::getCodecName() const {
     return mediakit::getCodecName(getCodecId());
 }
 
-TrackType CodecInfo::getTrackType() {
+TrackType CodecInfo::getTrackType() const {
     return mediakit::getTrackType(getCodecId());
 }
 
 static size_t constexpr kMaxFrameCacheSize = 100;
 
 bool FrameMerger::willFlush(const Frame::Ptr &frame) const{
-    if (_frameCached.empty()) {
+    if (_frame_cache.empty()) {
         //缓存为空
         return false;
     }
@@ -182,36 +194,20 @@ bool FrameMerger::willFlush(const Frame::Ptr &frame) const{
                 default: break;
             }
             //遇到新帧、或时间戳变化或缓存太多，防止内存溢出，则flush输出
-            return new_frame || _frameCached.back()->dts() != frame->dts() || _frameCached.size() > kMaxFrameCacheSize;
+            return new_frame || _frame_cache.back()->dts() != frame->dts() || _frame_cache.size() > kMaxFrameCacheSize;
         }
 
         case mp4_nal_size:
         case h264_prefix: {
-            if (!frameCacheHasVCL()) {
+            if (!_have_decode_able_frame) {
                 //缓存中没有有效的能解码的帧，所以这次不flush
-                return false;
+                return _frame_cache.size() > kMaxFrameCacheSize;
             }
-            if (_frameCached.back()->dts() != frame->dts()) {
-                //时间戳变化了,立即flush
+            if (_frame_cache.back()->dts() != frame->dts() || frame->decodeAble()) {
+                //时间戳变化了,或新的一帧，立即flush
                 return true;
             }
-            switch (frame->getCodecId()) {
-                case CodecH264 : {
-                    auto type = H264_TYPE(frame->data()[frame->prefixSize()]);
-                    // sei aud pps sps 不判断；264 新一帧的开始，刷新输出
-                    return (frame->data()[frame->prefixSize() + 1] & 0x80) != 0 && type >= H264Frame::NAL_B_P &&
-                           type <= H264Frame::NAL_IDR;
-                }
-                case CodecH265 : {
-                    auto type = H265_TYPE(frame->data()[frame->prefixSize()]);
-                    //first_slice_segment_in_pic_flag is frame start
-                    return (type >= H265Frame::NAL_TRAIL_R && type <= H265Frame::NAL_RSV_IRAP_VCL23) &&
-                           ((frame->data()[frame->prefixSize() + 2] >> 7 & 0x01) != 0);
-                }
-                default :
-                    //缓存太多，防止内存溢出
-                    return _frameCached.size() > kMaxFrameCacheSize;
-            }
+            return _frame_cache.size() > kMaxFrameCacheSize;
         }
         default: /*不可达*/ assert(0); return true;
     }
@@ -245,86 +241,39 @@ void FrameMerger::doMerge(BufferLikeString &merged, const Frame::Ptr &frame) con
     }
 }
 
-bool FrameMerger::shouldDrop(const Frame::Ptr &frame) const{
-    switch (frame->getCodecId()) {
-        case CodecH264: {
-            switch (H264_TYPE(frame->data()[frame->prefixSize()])) {
-                // 防止把AUD或者SEI当成一帧
-                case H264Frame::NAL_SEI:
-                case H264Frame::NAL_AUD: return true;
-                default: return false;
-            }
-        }
-
-        case CodecH265: {
-            switch (H265_TYPE(frame->data()[frame->prefixSize()])) {
-                // 防止把AUD或者SEI当成一帧
-                case H265Frame::NAL_AUD:
-                case H265Frame::NAL_SEI_SUFFIX:
-                case H265Frame::NAL_SEI_PREFIX: return true;
-                default: return false;
-            }
-        }
-
-        default: return false;
-    }
-}
-
-bool FrameMerger::frameCacheHasVCL() const {
-    bool has_vcl = false;
-    bool is_h264_or_h265 = false;
-    _frameCached.for_each([&](const Frame::Ptr &frame) {
-        switch (frame->getCodecId()) {
-            case CodecH264: {
-                auto type = H264_TYPE(frame->data()[frame->prefixSize()]);
-                //有编码数据
-                has_vcl = type >= H264Frame::NAL_B_P && type <= H264Frame::NAL_IDR;
-                is_h264_or_h265 = true;
-                break;
-            }
-            case CodecH265: {
-                auto type = H265_TYPE(frame->data()[frame->prefixSize()]);
-                //有编码数据
-                has_vcl = type >= H265Frame::NAL_TRAIL_R && type <= H265Frame::NAL_RSV_IRAP_VCL23;
-                is_h264_or_h265 = true;
-                break;
-            }
-            default: break;
-        }
-    });
-    if (is_h264_or_h265) {
-        return has_vcl;
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-void FrameMerger::inputFrame(const Frame::Ptr &frame, const onOutput &cb) {
+void FrameMerger::inputFrame(const Frame::Ptr &frame, const onOutput &cb, BufferLikeString *buffer) {
     if (willFlush(frame)) {
-        Frame::Ptr back = _frameCached.back();
+        Frame::Ptr back = _frame_cache.back();
         Buffer::Ptr merged_frame = back;
-        bool have_idr = back->keyFrame();
+        bool have_key_frame = back->keyFrame();
 
-        if (_frameCached.size() != 1 || _type == mp4_nal_size) {
+        if (_frame_cache.size() != 1 || _type == mp4_nal_size || buffer) {
             //在MP4模式下，一帧数据也需要在前添加nalu_size
-            BufferLikeString merged;
-            merged.reserve(back->size() + 1024);
-            _frameCached.for_each([&](const Frame::Ptr &frame) {
+            BufferLikeString tmp;
+            BufferLikeString &merged = buffer ? *buffer : tmp;
+
+            if (!buffer) {
+                tmp.reserve(back->size() + 1024);
+            }
+
+            _frame_cache.for_each([&](const Frame::Ptr &frame) {
                 doMerge(merged, frame);
                 if (frame->keyFrame()) {
-                    have_idr = true;
+                    have_key_frame = true;
                 }
             });
-            merged_frame = std::make_shared<BufferOffset<BufferLikeString> >(std::move(merged));
+            merged_frame = std::make_shared<BufferOffset<BufferLikeString> >(buffer ? merged : std::move(merged));
         }
-        cb(back->dts(), back->pts(), merged_frame, have_idr);
-        _frameCached.clear();
+        cb(back->dts(), back->pts(), merged_frame, have_key_frame);
+        _frame_cache.clear();
+        _have_decode_able_frame = false;
     }
 
     switch (_type) {
         case h264_prefix:
         case mp4_nal_size: {
-            //h264头和mp4头模式过滤无效的帧
-            if (shouldDrop(frame)) {
+            if (frame->dropAble()) {
+                //h264头和mp4头模式过滤无效的帧
                 return;
             }
             break;
@@ -332,7 +281,10 @@ void FrameMerger::inputFrame(const Frame::Ptr &frame, const onOutput &cb) {
         default: break;
     }
 
-    _frameCached.emplace_back(Frame::getCacheAbleFrame(frame));
+    if (frame->decodeAble()) {
+        _have_decode_able_frame = true;
+    }
+    _frame_cache.emplace_back(Frame::getCacheAbleFrame(frame));
 }
 
 FrameMerger::FrameMerger(int type) {
@@ -340,7 +292,8 @@ FrameMerger::FrameMerger(int type) {
 }
 
 void FrameMerger::clear() {
-    _frameCached.clear();
+    _frame_cache.clear();
+    _have_decode_able_frame = false;
 }
 
 }//namespace mediakit
diff --git a/src/Extension/Frame.h b/src/Extension/Frame.h
index 4cc9d529..a256ecdb 100644
--- a/src/Extension/Frame.h
+++ b/src/Extension/Frame.h
@@ -95,12 +95,12 @@ public:
     /**
      * 获取编码器名称
      */
-    const char *getCodecName();
+    const char *getCodecName() const;
 
     /**
      * 获取音视频类型
      */
-    TrackType getTrackType();
+    TrackType getTrackType() const;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -144,6 +144,26 @@ public:
      */
     virtual bool cacheAble() const { return true; }
 
+    /**
+     * 该帧是否可以丢弃
+     * SEI/AUD帧可以丢弃
+     * 默认都不能丢帧
+     */
+    virtual bool dropAble() const { return false; }
+
+    /**
+     * 是否为可解码帧
+     * sps pps等帧不能解码
+     */
+    virtual bool decodeAble() const {
+        if (getTrackType() != TrackVideo) {
+            //非视频帧都可以解码
+            return true;
+        }
+        //默认非sps pps帧都可以解码
+        return !configFrame();
+    }
+
     /**
      * 返回可缓存的frame
      */
@@ -459,7 +479,7 @@ private:
  */
 class FrameMerger {
 public:
-    using onOutput = function<void(uint32_t dts, uint32_t pts, const Buffer::Ptr &buffer, bool have_idr)>;
+    using onOutput = function<void(uint32_t dts, uint32_t pts, const Buffer::Ptr &buffer, bool have_key_frame)>;
     using Ptr = std::shared_ptr<FrameMerger>;
     enum {
         none = 0,
@@ -471,17 +491,16 @@ public:
     ~FrameMerger() = default;
 
     void clear();
-    void inputFrame(const Frame::Ptr &frame, const onOutput &cb);
+    void inputFrame(const Frame::Ptr &frame, const onOutput &cb, BufferLikeString *buffer = nullptr);
 
 private:
     bool willFlush(const Frame::Ptr &frame) const;
     void doMerge(BufferLikeString &buffer, const Frame::Ptr &frame) const;
-    bool shouldDrop(const Frame::Ptr &frame) const;
-    bool frameCacheHasVCL() const;
 
 private:
     int _type;
-    List<Frame::Ptr> _frameCached;
+    bool _have_decode_able_frame = false;
+    List<Frame::Ptr> _frame_cache;
 };
 
 }//namespace mediakit
diff --git a/src/Extension/H264.cpp b/src/Extension/H264.cpp
index 1db1f676..60f8ac2a 100644
--- a/src/Extension/H264.cpp
+++ b/src/Extension/H264.cpp
@@ -276,48 +276,6 @@ Sdp::Ptr H264Track::getSdp() {
     return std::make_shared<H264Sdp>(getSps(), getPps(), getBitRate() / 1024);
 }
 
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-bool H264Frame::keyFrame() const {
-    //多slice 一帧的情况下检查 first_mb_in_slice 是否为0 表示其为一帧的开始
-    return H264_TYPE(_buffer[_prefix_size]) == H264Frame::NAL_IDR && (_buffer[_prefix_size + 1] & 0x80);
-}
-
-bool H264Frame::configFrame() const {
-    switch (H264_TYPE(_buffer[_prefix_size])) {
-        case H264Frame::NAL_SPS:
-        case H264Frame::NAL_PPS: return true;
-        default: return false;
-    }
-}
-
-H264Frame::H264Frame() {
-    _codec_id = CodecH264;
-}
-
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-H264FrameNoCacheAble::H264FrameNoCacheAble(char *ptr,size_t size,uint32_t dts , uint32_t pts ,size_t prefix_size){
-    _ptr = ptr;
-    _size = size;
-    _dts = dts;
-    _pts = pts;
-    _prefix_size = prefix_size;
-    _codec_id = CodecH264;
-}
-
-bool H264FrameNoCacheAble::keyFrame() const {
-    return H264_TYPE(_ptr[_prefix_size]) == H264Frame::NAL_IDR;
-}
-
-bool H264FrameNoCacheAble::configFrame() const {
-    switch (H264_TYPE(_ptr[_prefix_size])) {
-        case H264Frame::NAL_SPS:
-        case H264Frame::NAL_PPS: return true;
-        default: return false;
-    }
-}
-
 }//namespace mediakit
 
 
diff --git a/src/Extension/H264.h b/src/Extension/H264.h
index 395b0ea8..2ff63d1d 100644
--- a/src/Extension/H264.h
+++ b/src/Extension/H264.h
@@ -23,12 +23,12 @@ bool getAVCInfo(const string &strSps,int &iVideoWidth, int &iVideoHeight, float
 void splitH264(const char *ptr, size_t len, size_t prefix, const std::function<void(const char *, size_t, size_t)> &cb);
 size_t prefixSize(const char *ptr, size_t len);
 
-/**
- * 264帧类
- */
-class H264Frame : public FrameImp {
+template<typename Parent>
+class H264FrameHelper : public Parent{
 public:
-    using Ptr = std::shared_ptr<H264Frame>;
+    friend class FrameImp;
+    friend class ResourcePool_l<H264FrameHelper>;
+    using Ptr = std::shared_ptr<H264FrameHelper>;
 
     enum {
         NAL_IDR = 5,
@@ -39,28 +39,54 @@ public:
         NAL_B_P = 1,
     };
 
-    bool keyFrame() const override;
-    bool configFrame() const override;
+    template<typename ...ARGS>
+    H264FrameHelper(ARGS &&...args): Parent(std::forward<ARGS>(args)...) {
+        this->_codec_id = CodecH264;
+    }
 
-protected:
-    friend class FrameImp;
-    friend class ResourcePool_l<H264Frame>;
-    H264Frame();
+    ~H264FrameHelper() override = default;
+
+    bool keyFrame() const override {
+        auto nal_ptr = (uint8_t *) this->data() + this->prefixSize();
+        return H264_TYPE(*nal_ptr) == NAL_IDR && decodeAble();
+    }
+
+    bool configFrame() const override {
+        auto nal_ptr = (uint8_t *) this->data() + this->prefixSize();
+        switch (H264_TYPE(*nal_ptr)) {
+            case NAL_SPS:
+            case NAL_PPS: return true;
+            default: return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool dropAble() const override {
+        auto nal_ptr = (uint8_t *) this->data() + this->prefixSize();
+        switch (H264_TYPE(*nal_ptr)) {
+            case NAL_SEI:
+            case NAL_AUD: return true;
+            default: return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool decodeAble() const override {
+        auto nal_ptr = (uint8_t *) this->data() + this->prefixSize();
+        auto type = H264_TYPE(*nal_ptr);
+        //多slice情况下, first_mb_in_slice 表示其为一帧的开始
+        return type >= NAL_B_P && type <= NAL_IDR && (nal_ptr[1] & 0x80);
+    }
 };
 
+/**
+ * 264帧类
+ */
+using H264Frame = H264FrameHelper<FrameImp>;
+
 /**
  * 防止内存拷贝的H264类
  * 用户可以通过该类型快速把一个指针无拷贝的包装成Frame类
- * 该类型在DevChannel中有使用
  */
-class H264FrameNoCacheAble : public FrameFromPtr {
-public:
-    using Ptr = std::shared_ptr<H264FrameNoCacheAble>;
-
-    H264FrameNoCacheAble(char *ptr,size_t size,uint32_t dts , uint32_t pts ,size_t prefix_size = 4);
-    bool keyFrame() const override;
-    bool configFrame() const override;
-};
+using H264FrameNoCacheAble = H264FrameHelper<FrameFromPtr>;
 
 /**
  * 264视频通道
diff --git a/src/Extension/H264Rtmp.cpp b/src/Extension/H264Rtmp.cpp
index b0f2e58d..6f4e1e06 100644
--- a/src/Extension/H264Rtmp.cpp
+++ b/src/Extension/H264Rtmp.cpp
@@ -157,10 +157,8 @@ void H264RtmpEncoder::makeConfigPacket(){
 void H264RtmpEncoder::inputFrame(const Frame::Ptr &frame) {
     auto data = frame->data() + frame->prefixSize();
     auto len = frame->size() - frame->prefixSize();
-    auto type = H264_TYPE(((uint8_t*)data)[0]);
+    auto type = H264_TYPE(data[0]);
     switch (type) {
-        case H264Frame::NAL_SEI:
-        case H264Frame::NAL_AUD: return;
         case H264Frame::NAL_SPS: {
             if (!_got_config_frame) {
                 _sps = string(data, len);
@@ -178,21 +176,6 @@ void H264RtmpEncoder::inputFrame(const Frame::Ptr &frame) {
         default : break;
     }
 
-    if (frame->configFrame() && _rtmp_packet && _has_vcl) {
-        //sps pps flush frame
-        RtmpCodec::inputRtmp(_rtmp_packet);
-        _has_vcl = false;
-        _rtmp_packet = nullptr;
-    }
-
-    if (_rtmp_packet && (_rtmp_packet->time_stamp != frame->dts() || ((data[1] & 0x80) != 0 && type >= H264Frame::NAL_B_P && type <= H264Frame::NAL_IDR && _has_vcl))) {
-        RtmpCodec::inputRtmp(_rtmp_packet);
-        _has_vcl = false;
-        _rtmp_packet = nullptr;
-    }
-    if (type >= H264Frame::NAL_B_P && type <= H264Frame::NAL_IDR) {
-        _has_vcl = true;
-    }
     if (!_rtmp_packet) {
         //I or P or B frame
         int8_t flags = FLV_CODEC_H264;
@@ -200,6 +183,7 @@ void H264RtmpEncoder::inputFrame(const Frame::Ptr &frame) {
         flags |= (((frame->configFrame() || frame->keyFrame()) ? FLV_KEY_FRAME : FLV_INTER_FRAME) << 4);
 
         _rtmp_packet = RtmpPacket::create();
+        _rtmp_packet->buffer.clear();
         _rtmp_packet->buffer.push_back(flags);
         _rtmp_packet->buffer.push_back(!is_config);
         int32_t cts = frame->pts() - frame->dts();
@@ -213,10 +197,13 @@ void H264RtmpEncoder::inputFrame(const Frame::Ptr &frame) {
         _rtmp_packet->time_stamp = frame->dts();
         _rtmp_packet->type_id = MSG_VIDEO;
     }
-    uint32_t size = htonl((uint32_t) len);
-    _rtmp_packet->buffer.append((char *) &size, 4);
-    _rtmp_packet->buffer.append(data, len);
-    _rtmp_packet->body_size = _rtmp_packet->buffer.size();
+
+    _merger.inputFrame(frame, [&](uint32_t, uint32_t, const Buffer::Ptr &, bool) {
+        //输出rtmp packet
+        _rtmp_packet->body_size = _rtmp_packet->buffer.size();
+        RtmpCodec::inputRtmp(_rtmp_packet);
+        _rtmp_packet = nullptr;
+    }, &_rtmp_packet->buffer);
 }
 
 void H264RtmpEncoder::makeVideoConfigPkt() {
diff --git a/src/Extension/H264Rtmp.h b/src/Extension/H264Rtmp.h
index ee59a2fe..f60daf99 100644
--- a/src/Extension/H264Rtmp.h
+++ b/src/Extension/H264Rtmp.h
@@ -75,13 +75,15 @@ public:
      * 生成config包
      */
     void makeConfigPacket() override;
+
 private:
     void makeVideoConfigPkt();
+
 private:
-    bool _has_vcl = false;
     bool _got_config_frame = false;
     H264Track::Ptr _track;
     RtmpPacket::Ptr _rtmp_packet;
+    FrameMerger _merger{FrameMerger::mp4_nal_size};
 };
 
 }//namespace mediakit
diff --git a/src/Extension/H265.cpp b/src/Extension/H265.cpp
index 883a4839..53cf7a8f 100644
--- a/src/Extension/H265.cpp
+++ b/src/Extension/H265.cpp
@@ -50,56 +50,6 @@ bool getHEVCInfo(const string &strVps, const string &strSps, int &iVideoWidth, i
 
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-bool H265Frame::keyFrame() const {
-    return isKeyFrame(H265_TYPE(_buffer[_prefix_size]), _buffer.data() + _prefix_size);
-}
-
-bool H265Frame::configFrame() const {
-    switch (H265_TYPE(_buffer[_prefix_size])) {
-        case H265Frame::NAL_VPS:
-        case H265Frame::NAL_SPS:
-        case H265Frame::NAL_PPS : return true;
-        default : return false;
-    }
-}
-
-bool H265Frame::isKeyFrame(int type, const char *ptr) {
-    if (ptr) {
-        return (((*((uint8_t *) ptr + 2)) >> 7) & 0x01) == 1 && (type == NAL_IDR_N_LP || type == NAL_IDR_W_RADL);
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-H265Frame::H265Frame(){
-    _codec_id = CodecH265;
-}
-
-/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-H265FrameNoCacheAble::H265FrameNoCacheAble(char *ptr, size_t size, uint32_t dts, uint32_t pts, size_t prefix_size) {
-    _ptr = ptr;
-    _size = size;
-    _dts = dts;
-    _pts = pts;
-    _prefix_size = prefix_size;
-    _codec_id = CodecH265;
-}
-
-bool H265FrameNoCacheAble::keyFrame() const {
-    return H265Frame::isKeyFrame(H265_TYPE(((uint8_t *) _ptr)[_prefix_size]), _ptr + _prefix_size);
-}
-
-bool H265FrameNoCacheAble::configFrame() const {
-    switch (H265_TYPE(((uint8_t *) _ptr)[_prefix_size])) {
-        case H265Frame::NAL_VPS:
-        case H265Frame::NAL_SPS:
-        case H265Frame::NAL_PPS: return true;
-        default: return false;
-    }
-}
-
-/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
 H265Track::H265Track(const string &vps,const string &sps, const string &pps,int vps_prefix_len, int sps_prefix_len, int pps_prefix_len) {
     _vps = vps.substr(vps_prefix_len);
     _sps = sps.substr(sps_prefix_len);
@@ -154,17 +104,16 @@ void H265Track::inputFrame(const Frame::Ptr &frame) {
 }
 
 void H265Track::inputFrame_l(const Frame::Ptr &frame) {
-    int type = H265_TYPE(((uint8_t *) frame->data() + frame->prefixSize())[0]);
-    if (H265Frame::isKeyFrame(type, frame->data() + frame->prefixSize())) {
+    if (frame->keyFrame()) {
         insertConfigFrame(frame);
         VideoTrack::inputFrame(frame);
         _is_idr = true;
         return;
     }
-    _is_idr = false;
 
+    _is_idr = false;
     //非idr帧
-    switch (type) {
+    switch (H265_TYPE(((uint8_t *) frame->data() + frame->prefixSize())[0])) {
         case H265Frame::NAL_VPS: {
             _vps = string(frame->data() + frame->prefixSize(), frame->size() - frame->prefixSize());
             break;
diff --git a/src/Extension/H265.h b/src/Extension/H265.h
index fe24df3f..8659e552 100644
--- a/src/Extension/H265.h
+++ b/src/Extension/H265.h
@@ -22,12 +22,13 @@ namespace mediakit {
 
 bool getHEVCInfo(const string &strVps, const string &strSps, int &iVideoWidth, int &iVideoHeight, float &iVideoFps);
 
-/**
- * 265帧类
- */
-class H265Frame : public FrameImp {
+template<typename Parent>
+class H265FrameHelper : public Parent{
 public:
-    using Ptr = std::shared_ptr<H265Frame>;
+    friend class FrameImp;
+    friend class ResourcePool_l<H265FrameHelper>;
+    using Ptr = std::shared_ptr<H265FrameHelper>;
+
     enum {
         NAL_TRAIL_N = 0,
         NAL_TRAIL_R = 1,
@@ -59,24 +60,57 @@ public:
         NAL_SEI_SUFFIX = 40,
     };
 
-    bool keyFrame() const override;
-    bool configFrame() const override;
-    static bool isKeyFrame(int type, const char* ptr);
+    template<typename ...ARGS>
+    H265FrameHelper(ARGS &&...args): Parent(std::forward<ARGS>(args)...) {
+        this->_codec_id = CodecH265;
+    }
 
-protected:
-    friend class FrameImp;
-    friend class ResourcePool_l<H265Frame>;
-    H265Frame();
+    ~H265FrameHelper() override = default;
+
+    bool keyFrame() const override {
+        auto nal_ptr = (uint8_t *) this->data() + this->prefixSize();
+        auto type = H265_TYPE(*nal_ptr);
+        return (type == NAL_IDR_N_LP || type == NAL_IDR_W_RADL) && decodeAble();
+    }
+
+    bool configFrame() const override {
+        auto nal_ptr = (uint8_t *) this->data() + this->prefixSize();
+        switch (H265_TYPE(*nal_ptr)) {
+            case NAL_VPS:
+            case NAL_SPS:
+            case NAL_PPS : return true;
+            default : return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool dropAble() const override {
+        auto nal_ptr = (uint8_t *) this->data() + this->prefixSize();
+        switch (H264_TYPE(*nal_ptr)) {
+            case NAL_AUD:
+            case NAL_SEI_SUFFIX:
+            case NAL_SEI_PREFIX: return true;
+            default: return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool decodeAble() const override {
+        auto nal_ptr = (uint8_t *) this->data() + this->prefixSize();
+        auto type = H265_TYPE(*nal_ptr);
+        //多slice情况下, first_slice_segment_in_pic_flag 表示其为一帧的开始
+        return type >= NAL_TRAIL_R && type <= NAL_RSV_IRAP_VCL23 && (nal_ptr[2] & 0x80);
+    }
 };
 
-class H265FrameNoCacheAble : public FrameFromPtr {
-public:
-    using Ptr = std::shared_ptr<H265FrameNoCacheAble>;
+/**
+ * 265帧类
+ */
+using H265Frame = H265FrameHelper<FrameImp>;
 
-    H265FrameNoCacheAble(char *ptr, size_t size, uint32_t dts,uint32_t pts, size_t prefix_size = 4);
-    bool keyFrame() const override;
-    bool configFrame() const override;
-};
+/**
+ * 防止内存拷贝的H265类
+ * 用户可以通过该类型快速把一个指针无拷贝的包装成Frame类
+ */
+using H265FrameNoCacheAble = H265FrameHelper<FrameFromPtr>;
 
 /**
 * 265视频通道
diff --git a/src/Extension/H265Rtmp.cpp b/src/Extension/H265Rtmp.cpp
index 1dedd0ae..5a91a13e 100644
--- a/src/Extension/H265Rtmp.cpp
+++ b/src/Extension/H265Rtmp.cpp
@@ -136,8 +136,7 @@ void H265RtmpEncoder::makeConfigPacket(){
 void H265RtmpEncoder::inputFrame(const Frame::Ptr &frame) {
     auto data = frame->data() + frame->prefixSize();
     auto len = frame->size() - frame->prefixSize();
-    auto type = H265_TYPE(((uint8_t*)data)[0]);
-
+    auto type = H265_TYPE(data[0]);
     switch (type) {
         case H265Frame::NAL_SPS: {
             if (!_got_config_frame) {
@@ -160,37 +159,16 @@ void H265RtmpEncoder::inputFrame(const Frame::Ptr &frame) {
             }
             break;
         }
-        case H265Frame::NAL_AUD:
-        case H265Frame::NAL_SEI_PREFIX:
-        case H265Frame::NAL_SEI_SUFFIX: return;
         default: break;
     }
 
-    if(frame->configFrame() && _rtmp_packet && _has_vcl){
-        // sps pps flush frame
-        RtmpCodec::inputRtmp(_rtmp_packet);
-        _rtmp_packet = nullptr;
-        _has_vcl = false;
-    }
-
-    if (_rtmp_packet && (_rtmp_packet->time_stamp != frame->dts() || (_has_vcl && type >= H265Frame::NAL_TRAIL_R && type <= H265Frame::NAL_RSV_IRAP_VCL23 && (data[2] >> 7 & 0x01) != 0))) {
-        RtmpCodec::inputRtmp(_rtmp_packet);
-        _has_vcl = false;
-        _rtmp_packet = nullptr;
-    }
-
-    if (type >= H265Frame::NAL_TRAIL_R && type <= H265Frame::NAL_RSV_IRAP_VCL23) {
-        _has_vcl = true;
-    }
-
     if (!_rtmp_packet) {
         //I or P or B frame
         int8_t flags = FLV_CODEC_H265;
         bool is_config = false;
         flags |= (((frame->configFrame() || frame->keyFrame()) ? FLV_KEY_FRAME : FLV_INTER_FRAME) << 4);
-        // todo 必须是IDR帧才能是关键帧，否则有可能开始帧会花屏 SPS PPS VPS 打头的是一般I帧，但不一定是IDR帧
-        //  RtmpCodec::inputRtmp 时需要判断 是否是IDR帧,做出相应的修改
         _rtmp_packet = RtmpPacket::create();
+        _rtmp_packet->buffer.clear();
         _rtmp_packet->buffer.push_back(flags);
         _rtmp_packet->buffer.push_back(!is_config);
         int32_t cts = frame->pts() - frame->dts();
@@ -204,10 +182,13 @@ void H265RtmpEncoder::inputFrame(const Frame::Ptr &frame) {
         _rtmp_packet->time_stamp = frame->dts();
         _rtmp_packet->type_id = MSG_VIDEO;
     }
-    uint32_t size = htonl((uint32_t) len);
-    _rtmp_packet->buffer.append((char *) &size, 4);
-    _rtmp_packet->buffer.append(data, len);
-    _rtmp_packet->body_size = _rtmp_packet->buffer.size();
+
+    _merger.inputFrame(frame, [&](uint32_t, uint32_t, const Buffer::Ptr &, bool) {
+        //输出rtmp packet
+        _rtmp_packet->body_size = _rtmp_packet->buffer.size();
+        RtmpCodec::inputRtmp(_rtmp_packet);
+        _rtmp_packet = nullptr;
+    }, &_rtmp_packet->buffer);
 }
 
 void H265RtmpEncoder::makeVideoConfigPkt() {
diff --git a/src/Extension/H265Rtmp.h b/src/Extension/H265Rtmp.h
index c9ef7420..14e38546 100644
--- a/src/Extension/H265Rtmp.h
+++ b/src/Extension/H265Rtmp.h
@@ -78,13 +78,13 @@ private:
     void makeVideoConfigPkt();
 
 private:
-    bool _has_vcl = false;
     bool _got_config_frame = false;
     string _vps;
     string _sps;
     string _pps;
     H265Track::Ptr _track;
     RtmpPacket::Ptr _rtmp_packet;
+    FrameMerger _merger{FrameMerger::mp4_nal_size};
 };
 
 }//namespace mediakit
diff --git a/src/Extension/H265Rtp.cpp b/src/Extension/H265Rtp.cpp
index c3079313..9e780522 100644
--- a/src/Extension/H265Rtp.cpp
+++ b/src/Extension/H265Rtp.cpp
@@ -269,19 +269,15 @@ void H265RtpEncoder::inputFrame(const Frame::Ptr &frame) {
                 //H265 数据
                 memcpy(payload + 3, ptr + offset, max_size);
                 //输入到rtp环形缓存
-                RtpCodec::inputRtp(rtp, fu_start && H265Frame::isKeyFrame(nal_type, frame->data() + frame->prefixSize()));
+                RtpCodec::inputRtp(rtp, fu_start && frame->keyFrame());
             }
 
             offset += max_size;
             fu_start = false;
         }
     } else {
-        makeH265Rtp(nal_type, ptr, len, false, true, pts);
+        RtpCodec::inputRtp(makeRtp(getTrackType(), ptr, len, false, pts), frame->keyFrame());
     }
 }
 
-void H265RtpEncoder::makeH265Rtp(int nal_type,const void* data, size_t len, bool mark, bool first_packet, uint32_t uiStamp) {
-    RtpCodec::inputRtp(makeRtp(getTrackType(),data,len,mark,uiStamp),first_packet && H265Frame::isKeyFrame(nal_type, (const char*)data + prefixSize((const char*)data, len)));
-}
-
 }//namespace mediakit
diff --git a/src/Extension/H265Rtp.h b/src/Extension/H265Rtp.h
index 4bbacea0..1af07623 100644
--- a/src/Extension/H265Rtp.h
+++ b/src/Extension/H265Rtp.h
@@ -84,8 +84,6 @@ public:
      * @param frame 帧数据，必须
      */
     void inputFrame(const Frame::Ptr &frame) override;
-private:
-    void makeH265Rtp(int nal_type,const void *pData, size_t uiLen, bool bMark, bool first_packet,uint32_t uiStamp);
 };
 
 }//namespace mediakit{