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# 概述
下述资料，大部分都是采摘于网上对应的博客，感觉内容不错，简单做了一下归纳，感谢大拿们的精彩分享！
有些流程是重复描述的，我没有调整，多读几次加深印象!
# 启动
启动可以分为两种，一种为冷启动，是指计算机在关机状态下按 POWER 键启动，又叫硬件启动，比如开机，这种启动方式在启动之前计算机处于断电状态，像内存这种需要加电维持的存储部件里面的内容都丢失了，加电开机那一刻里面的值都是随机的，操作系统会对其进行初始化。