# xfce4 组件介绍 * [ Gtk+ ] 这些组件 gtk 最庞大 libffi libmount glib pixman freetype harfbuzz fontconfig cairo fribidi pango gdkpixbuf libeproxy graphene wayland-protocols gettext( libintl ) gtk+ * [ xfce ] 这些组件编译顺序也有要求 libwnck xfce4-dev-tools xlibxfce4util xfconf libxfce4ui garcon exo xfce4-panel thunar xfce4-settings xfce4-session xfwm4 xfdesktop thunar-volman tumbler xfce4-power-manager xfce4-appfinder # Cairo cairo is a vector graphics library with cross-device output support cairo能够做各种复杂的点线图案绘制、填充、文字渲染、图像变换、剪切、层混合等等操作。但是他没有涉及到用户交互，如鼠标、touch、事件处理，交互窗口，这些统统没有，他只有专一的绘图。他有surface可以理解为画布，这个surface可以是基于内存（image surface，必选的surface）也可以基于某种backend（和操作系统或驱动接口对接），使用过程是创建一个surface，然后在surface里做各种绘图，最后使用Painting类的functions时图像就显示在了surface上。当然surface也是一块image，可以把image通过png（源码有对接libpng库）图像压缩输出png文件 # harfbuzz HarfBuzz 是一个文本整形引擎。它主要支持OpenType，但也 支持Apple Advanced Typography。HarfBuzz 用于 Android、Chrome、ChromeOS、Firefox、GNOME、GTK+、KDE、LibreOffice、OpenJDK、PlayStation、Qt、XeTeX 等地方。 # xfce 运行黑屏怎么办 比如黑屏，我们由屏幕想到可能是 xfdesktop 这个应用负责渲屏，黑屏可能是 xfdesktop 未能正确运行，这个就需要我们手工调试跟踪了，通常情况下我们会这么做： ```shell # 设置屏幕，这个是 xfce 默认的值 10 export DISPLAY=:10 # 执行这个，正常执行理论上就不会黑屏，不能执行，可能是依赖库路径不对，版本不对，配置不对，逐步根据提示解决问题 xfdesktop ``` # xrdp 远程访问 linux 桌面流程分析 1. xrdp 服务依赖 xrdp-sesman 服务 我们可以通过 grep 全局查找 xrdp-sesman，发现下面这句 ```shell ./lib/systemd/system/xrdp.service:4:Requires=xrdp-sesman.service ``` 因此 xrdp 启动时，肯定 xrdp-sesman 也相应启动，具体机制待研究(TODO) 2. 配置文件 /etc/xrdp/sesman.ini ```shell [Globals] ListenAddress=127.0.0.1 ListenPort=3350 ``` 3. 确认 xrdp 和 xrdp-sesman 服务 ```shell root@freeabc:/# netstat -anpt | grep xrdp tcp6 0 0 :::3389 :::* LISTEN 6288/xrdp tcp6 0 0 ::1:3350 :::* LISTEN 6259/xrdp-sesman ``` 其中 xrdp 是 3389 对外提供服务, xrdp-sesman 是 3350 对 xrdp 提供服务，xrdp 把请求转给 xrdp-sesman (经过 tcpdump 抓包确认是) ```shell root@freeabc:/# tcpdump -s 0 -i lo port 3350 -v -n tcpdump: listening on lo, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes 01:37:24.538435 IP6 (flowlabel 0xc281a, hlim 64, next-header TCP (6) payload length: 40) ::1.52600 > ::1.3350: Flags [S], cksum 0x0030 (incorrect -> 0x3f1d), seq 213438096, win 65476, options [mss 65476,sackOK,TS val 4262615841 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0 01:37:24.538457 IP6 (flowlabel 0xe10b3, hlim 64, next-header TCP (6) payload length: 40) ::1.3350 > ::1.52600: Flags [S.], cksum 0x0030 (incorrect -> 0xbea4), seq 3363004107, ack 213438097, win 65464, options [mss 65476,sackOK,TS val 4262615841 ecr 4262615841,nop,wscale 7], length 0 01:37:24.538472 IP6 (flowlabel 0xc281a, hlim 64, next-header TCP (6) payload length: 32) ::1.52600 > ::1.3350: Flags [.], cksum 0x0028 (incorrect -> 0xe53a), ack 1, win 512, options [nop,nop,TS val 4262615841 ecr 4262615841], length 0 01:37:25.149700 IP6 (flowlabel 0xc281a, hlim 64, next-header TCP (6) payload length: 109) ::1.52600 > ::1.3350: Flags [P.], cksum 0x0075 (incorrect -> 0x6a7f), seq 1:78, ack 1, win 512, options [nop,nop,TS val 4262616452 ecr 4262615841], length 77 01:37:25.149734 IP6 (flowlabel 0xe10b3, hlim 64, next-header TCP (6) payload length: 32) ::1.3350 > ::1.52600: Flags [.], cksum 0x0028 (incorrect -> 0xe028), ack 78, win 511, options [nop,nop,TS val 4262616452 ecr 4262616452], length 0 01:37:25.216918 IP6 (flowlabel 0xe10b3, hlim 64, next-header TCP (6) payload length: 62) ::1.3350 > ::1.52600: Flags [P.], cksum 0x0046 (incorrect -> 0xd13d), seq 1:31, ack 78, win 512, options [nop,nop,TS val 4262616519 ecr 4262616452], length 30 01:37:25.216969 IP6 (flowlabel 0xc281a, hlim 64, next-header TCP (6) payload length: 32) ::1.52600 > ::1.3350: Flags [.], cksum 0x0028 (incorrect -> 0xdf83), ack 31, win 512, options [nop,nop,TS val 4262616519 ecr 4262616519], length 0 01:37:25.254713 IP6 (flowlabel 0xe10b3, hlim 64, next-header TCP (6) payload length: 32) ::1.3350 > ::1.52600: Flags [F.], cksum 0x0028 (incorrect -> 0xdf5c), seq 31, ack 78, win 512, options [nop,nop,TS val 4262616557 ecr 4262616519], length 0 01:37:25.297973 IP6 (flowlabel 0xc281a, hlim 64, next-header TCP (6) payload length: 32) ::1.52600 > ::1.3350: Flags [.], cksum 0x0028 (incorrect -> 0xdf0b), ack 32, win 512, options [nop,nop,TS val 4262616600 ecr 4262616557], length 0 01:37:25.886713 IP6 (flowlabel 0xc281a, hlim 64, next-header TCP (6) payload length: 32) ::1.52600 > ::1.3350: Flags [F.], cksum 0x0028 (incorrect -> 0xdcbd), seq 78, ack 32, win 512, options [nop,nop,TS val 4262617189 ecr 4262616557], length 0 01:37:25.886737 IP6 (flowlabel 0xc429c, hlim 64, next-header TCP (6) payload length: 32) ::1.3350 > ::1.52600: Flags [.], cksum 0x0028 (incorrect -> 0xda45), ack 79, win 512, options [nop,nop,TS val 4262617189 ecr 4262617189], length 0 01:37:41.603074 IP6 (flowlabel 0x461f5, hlim 64, next-header TCP (6) payload length: 32) ::1.46136 > ::1.3350: Flags [F.], cksum 0x0028 (incorrect -> 0x23fc), seq 3577026672, ack 1112127163, win 512, options [nop,nop,TS val 4262632906 ecr 4262596309], length 0 01:37:41.603101 IP6 (flowlabel 0xeaed7, hlim 64, next-header TCP (6) payload length: 32) ::1.3350 > ::1.46136: Flags [.], cksum 0x0028 (incorrect -> 0x9506), ack 1, win 512, options [nop,nop,TS val 4262632906 ecr 4262632906], length 0 ``` 我们也可以利用 journalctl -xf 查看日志 ```shell Aug 18 01:45:02 freeabc xrdp[10507]: (10507)(139797313210176)[INFO ] Socket 12: AF_INET6 connection received from ::ffff:192.168.222.1 port 56030 Aug 18 01:45:02 freeabc xrdp[10507]: (10507)(139797313210176)[DEBUG] Closed socket 12 (AF_INET6 ::ffff:192.168.222.178 port 3389) Aug 18 01:45:02 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[DEBUG] Closed socket 11 (AF_INET6 :: port 3389) Aug 18 01:45:03 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[INFO ] Using default X.509 certificate: /etc/xrdp/cert.pem Aug 18 01:45:03 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[INFO ] Using default X.509 key file: /etc/xrdp/key.pem Aug 18 01:45:03 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[DEBUG] TLSv1.2 enabled Aug 18 01:45:03 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[DEBUG] TLSv1.1 enabled Aug 18 01:45:03 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[DEBUG] TLSv1 enabled Aug 18 01:45:03 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[DEBUG] Security layer: requested 11, selected 1 Aug 18 01:45:03 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[INFO ] connected client computer name: DESKTOP-9PAUEP4 Aug 18 01:45:03 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[INFO ] TLS connection established from ::ffff:192.168.222.1 port 56030: TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 Aug 18 01:45:03 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[DEBUG] xrdp_000029bf_wm_login_mode_event_00000001 Aug 18 01:45:03 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[INFO ] Cannot find keymap file /etc/xrdp/km-00000804.ini Aug 18 01:45:03 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[INFO ] Cannot find keymap file /etc/xrdp/km-00000804.ini Aug 18 01:45:03 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[INFO ] Loading keymap file /etc/xrdp/km-00000409.ini Aug 18 01:45:03 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[WARN ] local keymap file for 0x00000804 found and doesn't match built in keymap, using local keymap file Aug 18 01:45:03 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[DEBUG] xrdp_wm_log_msg: connecting to sesman ip 127.0.0.1 port 3350 Aug 18 01:45:03 freeabc xrdp-sesman[10471]: (10471)(140145709626688)[INFO ] A connection received from ::1 port 36482 Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[INFO ] xrdp_wm_log_msg: sesman connect ok Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[DEBUG] xrdp_wm_log_msg: sending login info to session manager, please wait... Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[DEBUG] return value from xrdp_mm_connect 0 Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp-sesman[10471]: (10471)(140145709626688)[INFO ] ++ created session (access granted): username root, ip ::ffff:192.168.222.1:56030 - socket: 12 Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp-sesman[10471]: (10471)(140145709626688)[INFO ] starting Xorg session... Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp-sesman[10471]: (10471)(140145709626688)[DEBUG] Closed socket 9 (AF_INET6 :: port 5911) Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp-sesman[10471]: (10471)(140145709626688)[DEBUG] Closed socket 9 (AF_INET6 :: port 6011) Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp-sesman[10471]: (10471)(140145709626688)[DEBUG] Closed socket 9 (AF_INET6 :: port 6211) Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp-sesman[10688]: (10688)(140145709626688)[INFO ] calling auth_start_session from pid 10688 Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp-sesman[10471]: (10471)(140145709626688)[DEBUG] Closed socket 8 (AF_INET6 ::1 port 3350) Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[INFO ] xrdp_wm_log_msg: login successful for display 11 Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp-sesman[10688]: pam_unix(xrdp-sesman:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0) Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc systemd-logind[1076]: New session c15 of user root. -- Subject: A new session c15 has been created for user root -- Defined-By: systemd -- Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support -- Documentation: https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/multiseat -- -- A new session with the ID c15 has been created for the user root. -- -- The leading process of the session is 10688. Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc systemd[1]: Started Session c15 of user root. -- Subject: Unit session-c15.scope has finished start-up -- Defined-By: systemd -- Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support -- -- Unit session-c15.scope has finished starting up. -- -- The start-up result is RESULT. Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp-sesman[10688]: (10688)(140145709626688)[DEBUG] Closed socket 7 (AF_INET6 ::1 port 3350) Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[DEBUG] xrdp_wm_log_msg: started connecting Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp-sesman[10688]: (10688)(140145709626688)[DEBUG] Closed socket 8 (AF_INET6 ::1 port 3350) Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp-sesman[10690]: (10690)(140145709626688)[INFO ] /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg :11 -auth .Xauthority -config xrdp/xorg.conf -noreset -nolisten tcp -logfile .xorgxrdp.%s.log Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp-sesman[10688]: (10688)(140145709626688)[CORE ] waiting for window manager (pid 10689) to exit Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc systemd[1487]: Started GnuPG cryptographic agent and passphrase cache. -- Subject: Unit UNIT has finished start-up -- Defined-By: systemd -- Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support -- -- Unit UNIT has finished starting up. -- -- The start-up result is RESULT. Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc gpg-agent[10760]: gpg-agent (GnuPG) 2.2.4 starting in supervised mode. Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc gpg-agent[10760]: using fd 3 for ssh socket (/run/user/0/gnupg/S.gpg-agent.ssh) Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc gpg-agent[10760]: using fd 4 for extra socket (/run/user/0/gnupg/S.gpg-agent.extra) Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc gpg-agent[10760]: using fd 5 for std socket (/run/user/0/gnupg/S.gpg-agent) Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc gpg-agent[10760]: using fd 6 for browser socket (/run/user/0/gnupg/S.gpg-agent.browser) Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc gpg-agent[10760]: listening on: std=5 extra=4 browser=6 ssh=3 Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc kernel: xfce4-session[10742]: segfault at 2c ip 0000556e4a4fe8c6 sp 00007ffedc54cd30 error 4 in xfce4-session[556e4a4d2000+45000] Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[INFO ] lib_mod_log_peer: xrdp_pid=10687 connected to X11rdp_pid=10690 X11rdp_uid=0 X11rdp_gid=0 client_ip=::ffff:192.168.222.1 client_port=56030 Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[DEBUG] xrdp_wm_log_msg: connected ok Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[DEBUG] xrdp_mm_connect_chansrv: chansrv connect successful Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[DEBUG] Closed socket 20 (AF_INET6 ::1 port 36482) Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[INFO ] The following channel is allowed: rdpdr (0) Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[INFO ] The following channel is allowed: rdpsnd (1) Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[INFO ] The following channel is allowed: cliprdr (2) Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[INFO ] The following channel is allowed: drdynvc (3) Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[DEBUG] The allow channel list now initialized for this session Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp-sesman[10688]: (10688)(140145709626688)[CORE ] window manager (pid 10689) did exit, cleaning up session Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp-sesman[10688]: (10688)(140145709626688)[INFO ] calling auth_stop_session and auth_end from pid 10688 Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp-sesman[10688]: pam_unix(xrdp-sesman:session): session closed for user root Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp-sesman[10688]: (10688)(140145709626688)[DEBUG] cleanup_sockets: Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[DEBUG] Closed socket 22 (AF_UNIX) Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp-sesman[10688]: (10688)(140145709626688)[DEBUG] cleanup_sockets: deleting /var/run/xrdp/sockdir/xrdp_chansrv_audio_out_socket_11 Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[DEBUG] Closed socket 12 (AF_INET6 ::ffff:192.168.222.178 port 3389) Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp-sesman[10688]: (10688)(140145709626688)[DEBUG] cleanup_sockets: deleting /var/run/xrdp/sockdir/xrdp_chansrv_audio_in_socket_11 Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[DEBUG] xrdp_mm_module_cleanup Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp[10687]: (10687)(139797313210176)[DEBUG] Closed socket 21 (AF_UNIX) Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp-sesman[10688]: (10688)(140145709626688)[DEBUG] cleanup_sockets: deleting /var/run/xrdp/sockdir/xrdpapi_11 Aug 18 01:45:04 freeabc xrdp-sesman[10471]: (10471)(140145709626688)[INFO ] ++ terminated session: username root, display :11.0, session_pid 10688, ip ::ffff:192.168.222.1:56030 - socket: 12 Aug 18 01:45:14 freeabc systemd-logind[1076]: Removed session c15. -- Subject: Session c15 has been terminated ``` 这个日志可以看到更清楚的流程，具体日志见上 我们看到这个没启动起来是 xfce4-session[10742]: segfault at 2c ip 0000556e4a4fe8c6 sp 00007ffedc54cd30 error 4 in xfce4-session[556e4a4d2000+45000] 有段错误 这个错误，我们可以单独运行 xfce4-session 查看原因 ```shell xfwm4-Message: 02:00:03.303: Another Window Manager (Xfwm4) is already running on screen :10.0 xfwm4-Message: 02:00:03.303: To replace the current window manager, try "--replace" (xfwm4:11384): xfwm4-WARNING **: 02:00:03.303: Could not find a screen to manage, exiting ``` 我们看到是另外一个 Xfwn4 已经启动在 screen :10.0 了，可以运行 xfwm4 --replace 替换一下 对用户的授权，我们通过日志可以观察到是通过文件 ~/.Xauthority 5. xrdp-sesman 会根据 sesman.ini 调用 /etc/xrdp/startwm.sh，这个脚本最终会调用 /etc/X11/Xsession 这个脚本, Xsession 这个脚本大有文章 ```shell SYSSESSIONDIR=/etc/X11/Xsession.d USERXSESSION=$HOME/.xsession ---> 看到没有这就是我们经常看到的 echo "xfce4-session" > ~/.xsession 的原因，设置 Xsession 的环境变量 ... SESSIONFILES=$(run-parts --list $SYSSESSIONDIR) ---> 最终会执行 /etc/X11/Xsession.d 下的脚本，我们所有的窗口会话实现，应该放到这个里面 if [ -n "$SESSIONFILES" ]; then set +e for SESSIONFILE in $SESSIONFILES; do echo $SESSIONFILES >> /root/my.log . $SESSIONFILE done set -e fi ``` /etc/X11/Xsession.d/20dbus_xdg-runtime /etc/X11/Xsession.d/20x11-common_process-args /etc/X11/Xsession.d/30x11-common_xresources /etc/X11/Xsession.d/35x11-common_xhost-local /etc/X11/Xsession.d/40x11-common_xsessionrc /etc/X11/Xsession.d/50x11-common_determine-startup /etc/X11/Xsession.d/60x11-common_localhost /etc/X11/Xsession.d/60x11-common_xdg_path /etc/X11/Xsession.d/75dbus_dbus-launch /etc/X11/Xsession.d/90gpg-agent /etc/X11/Xsession.d/90qt-a11y /etc/X11/Xsession.d/90x11-common_ssh-agent /etc/X11/Xsession.d/95dbus_update-activation-env /etc/X11/Xsession.d/99x11-common_start 参数 STARTUP 赋值 我们看到执行 /etc/X11/Xsession.d/50x11-common_determine-startup 时，会 STARTUP="$shell $STARTUPFILE" 其实就是 /bin/bash /root/.xsession , root就是 ~ 我们用 root 登录的。 参数 STARTUP 运行 我们跟踪执行 /etc/X11/Xsession.d/99x11-common_start/99x11-common_start 时，exec $STARTUP 这个其实就是执行 xfce4-session 了，至此 xfce4-session 启动完成 xfce4-session 会读取 下面的文件，并执行里面的命令 ```shell https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/man1/xfce4-session.1.html xfce4-session reads its configuration from Xfconf. xfce4-session stores its session data into $XDG_CACHE_HOME/sessions/. ``` 具体配置文件就是 /usr/local/etc/xdg/xfce4/xfconf/xfce-perchannel-xml/xfce4-session.xml ```xml ``` 我们看到一个会话启动五个最基本的服务 xfwm4, xfsettingsd, xfce4-panel, Thunar, xfdesktop，如果启动失败，请依次排查这几个服务是否正常 如果只出状态栏和 Dock ，桌面出现黑屏，基本上是 xfdesktop 启动失败，可能依赖的库不满足，缺少什么库，这个需要具体问题具体分析了 # 常见问题解决方法 1. 解决 Fontconfig error: Cannot load default config file: No such file cp /root/test/a/usr/local/etc/* /usr/local/etc/ -rf 2. 解决 Cannot read private key file /etc/xrdp/key.pem: Permission denied adduser xrdp ssl-cert reboot 3. 解决 libpango 库多版本的环境下，系统的低版本优先加载，导致 xfdesktop 不能正常启动的问题我们可以这么做 ```shell echo "LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/root/test/a/usr/lib:/root/test/a/usr/local/lib:/root/test/a/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu" xfce4-session" > ~/.xsession ``` 这样就可以优先加载我们编译的动态库了