mirror of
https://github.com/ArthurSonzogni/FTXUI.git
synced 2024-11-26 04:31:34 +08:00
d805eb0648
This PR solves #434 by improving on the existing introductory tutorial through adjustment of the grammar and vocabulary of the sentences, rewriting of sentences, writing new descriptions for sub-headings, and adding new link references for the corresponding discussion elements. I have not replaced the inline script ascii calls yet, and there might be a few other things that might require some adjustment. However, this version looks much cleaner, consistent, and descriptive that the previous iteration. Co-authored-by: ArthurSonzogni <sonzogniarthur@gmail.com>
842 lines
24 KiB
Markdown
842 lines
24 KiB
Markdown
\mainpage
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# Introduction {#introduction}
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Welcome to the FTXUI documentation!
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This is a brief tutorial. You are also encouraged to self-learn by reading the
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[examples](./examples.html).
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@tableofcontents
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**Short example**
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To build a single frame, you need create an `ftxui::Element`, and display it on
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a `ftxui::Screen`.
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**main.cpp**
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```cpp
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#include <ftxui/dom/elements.hpp>
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#include <ftxui/screen/screen.hpp>
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#include <iostream>
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int main(void) {
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using namespace ftxui;
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// Define the document
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Element document =
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hbox({
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text("left") | border,
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text("middle") | border | flex,
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text("right") | border,
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});
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auto screen = Screen::Create(
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Dimension::Full(), // Width
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Dimension::Fit(document) // Height
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);
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Render(screen, document);
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screen.Print();
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return EXIT_SUCCESS;
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}
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```
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**output**
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```bash
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┌────┐┌────────────────────────────────────┐┌─────┐
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│left││middle ││right│
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└────┘└────────────────────────────────────┘└─────┘
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```
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# Build {#build}
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## Using CMake {#build-cmake}
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This is an example configuration for your **CMakeLists.txt**
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CMakeLists.txt
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```cmake
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cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.11)
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# --- Fetch FTXUI --------------------------------------------------------------
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include(FetchContent)
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set(FETCHCONTENT_UPDATES_DISCONNECTED TRUE)
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FetchContent_Declare(ftxui
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GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/ArthurSonzogni/ftxui
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# Important: Specify a GIT_TAG XXXXX here.
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)
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FetchContent_GetProperties(ftxui)
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if(NOT ftxui_POPULATED)
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FetchContent_Populate(ftxui)
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add_subdirectory(${ftxui_SOURCE_DIR} ${ftxui_BINARY_DIR} EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
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endif()
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# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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project(ftxui-starter
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LANGUAGES CXX
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VERSION 1.0.0
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)
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add_executable(ftxui-starter src/main.cpp)
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target_include_directories(ftxui-starter PRIVATE src)
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target_link_libraries(ftxui-starter
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PRIVATE ftxui::screen
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PRIVATE ftxui::dom
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PRIVATE ftxui::component # Not needed for this example.
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)
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```
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Subsequently, you build the project in the standard fashion as follows:
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```bash
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mkdir build && cd build
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cmake ..
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make
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./main
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```
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# List of modules. {#modules}
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The project is comprised of 3 modules:
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1. **ftxui/screen** defines a `ftxui::Screen`, a grid of `ftxui::Pixel`.
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2. **ftxui/dom** is the main module. It defines a hierarchical set of
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`ftxui::Element`. An element draws something on the `ftxui::Screen`. It is
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responsive to the size of its container.
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3. **ftxui/component** The module is required if your program needs to respond
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to user input. It defines a set of `ftxui::Component`. These components can
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be utilized to navigate the program by using the arrow keys and interacting
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with widgets such as the checkbox. You can also make you own components.
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The use can navigates
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using the arrow keys and interact with widgets like checkbox/inputbox/... You
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can make you own components.
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# screen {#module-screen}
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This is the visual element of the program. It defines a `ftxui::Screen`, which
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is a grid of `ftxui::Pixel`. A Pixel represents a Unicode character and its
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associated style (bold, colors, etc.). The screen can be printed as a string
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using `ftxui::Screen::ToString()`. The following example highlights this
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process:
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```cpp
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#include <ftxui/screen/screen.hpp>
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#include <iostream>
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int main(void) {
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using namespace ftxui;
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auto screen = Screen::Create(Dimension::Fixed(32), Dimension::Fixed(10));
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auto& pixel = screen.PixelAt(9,9);
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pixel.character = U'A';
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pixel.bold = true;
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pixel.foreground_color = Color::Blue;
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std::cout << screen.ToString();
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return EXIT_SUCCESS;
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}
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```
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# dom {#module-dom}
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This module defines a hierarchical set of `ftxui::Element`. An element manages
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the layout and can be responsive to the terminal dimension changes. Note the
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following example where this module is used to create a simple layout with a
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number of operators:
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**Example:**
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```cpp
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// Define the document
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Element document = vbox({
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text("The window") | bold | color(Color::Blue),
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gauge(0.5)
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text("The footer")
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});
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// Add a border, by calling the `ftxui::border` decorator function.
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document = border(document);
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// Add another border, using the pipe operator.
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document = document | border.
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// Add another border, using the |= operator.
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document |= border
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```
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**List of elements**
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The list of all elements are included and can be accessed by including the
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corresponding header file:
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```cpp
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#include <ftxui/dom/elements.hpp>
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```
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\include ftxui/dom/elements.hpp
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## text ## {#dom-text}
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The most simple widget. It displays a text.
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```cpp
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text("I am a piece of text");
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```
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```bash
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I am a piece of text.
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```
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## vtext {#dom-vtext}
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Identical to `ftxui::text`, but displayed vertically.
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Code:
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```cpp
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vtext("HELLO");
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```
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Terminal output:
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```bash
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H
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E
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L
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L
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O
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```
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## paragraph {#dom-paragraph}
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Similar to `ftxui::text`, but the individual word are wrapped along multiple
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lines, depending on the width of its container.
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Sample Code:
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```cpp
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paragraph("A very long text")
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```
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For a more detailed example refer to [detailed example](https://arthursonzogni.github.io/FTXUI/examples_2dom_2paragraph_8cpp-example.html). Paragraph also includes a number of other variants as shown below:
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```cpp
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Element paragraph(std::string text);
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Element paragraphAlignLeft(std::string text);
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Element paragraphAlignRight(std::string text);
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Element paragraphAlignCenter(std::string text);
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Element paragraphAlignJustify(std::string text);
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```
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## border {#dom-border}
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Adds a border around an element.
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Code:
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```cpp
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border(text("The element"))
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```
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Terminal output:
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```bash
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┌───────────┐
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│The element│
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└───────────┘
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```
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You can achieve the same behavior by using the pipe operator.
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Code:
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```cpp
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text("The element") | border
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```
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Border also comes in a variety of styles as shown below:
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```cpp
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Element border(Element);
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Element borderLight(Element);
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Element borderHeavy(Element);
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Element borderDouble(Element);
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Element borderRounded(Element);
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Element borderEmpty(Element);
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Decorator borderStyled(BorderStyle);
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Decorator borderWith(Pixel);
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```
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## window ## {#dom-window}
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A `ftxui::window` is a `ftxui::border`, but with an additional header. To add a
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window around an element, wrap it and specify a string as the header.
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Code:
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```cpp
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window("The window", text("The element"))
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```
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Terminal output:
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```bash
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┌The window─┐
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│The element│
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└───────────┘
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```
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## separator {#dom-separator}
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Displays a vertical/horizontal line to visually split the content of a
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container in two.
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Code:
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```cpp
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border(
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hbox({
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text("Left"),
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separator(),
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text("Right")
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})
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)
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```
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Terminal output:
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```bash
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┌────┬─────┐
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│left│right│
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└────┴─────┘
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```
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Separators come in a variety of flavors as shown below:
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```cpp
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Element separator(void);
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Element separatorLight();
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Element separatorHeavy();
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Element separatorDouble();
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Element separatorEmpty();
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Element separatorStyled(BorderStyle);
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Element separator(Pixel);
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Element separatorCharacter(std::string);
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Element separatorHSelector(float left,
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float right,
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Color background,
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Color foreground);
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Element separatorVSelector(float up,
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float down,
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Color background,
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Color foreground);
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```
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## gauge {#dom-gauge}
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It constitutes a gauge. It can be used to represent a progress bar.
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Code:
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```cpp
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border(gauge(0.5))
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```
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Teminal output:
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```bash
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┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│██████████████████████████████████████ │
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└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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Gauges can be displayed in many orientations as shown below:
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```cpp
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Element gauge(float ratio);
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Element gaugeLeft(float ratio);
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Element gaugeRight(float ratio);
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Element gaugeUp(float ratio);
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Element gaugeDown(float ratio);
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Element gaugeDirection(float ratio, GaugeDirection);
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```
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## graph {#dom-graph}
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@htmlonly
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<script id="asciicast-223726" src="https://asciinema.org/a/223726.js" async></script>
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@endhtmlonly
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See:
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```cpp
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Element graph(GraphFunction);
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```
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## Colors {#dom-colors}
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Most terminal consoles can display colored text and colored backgrounds. FTXUI
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supports every color palette:
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```cpp
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Decorator color(Color);
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Decorator bgcolor(Color);
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```
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Color [gallery](https://arthursonzogni.github.io/FTXUI/examples_2dom_2color_gallery_8cpp-example.html):
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### Palette16 #{#dom-colors-palette-16}
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On most terminals the following colors are supported:
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- Default
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- Black
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- GrayDark
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- GrayLight
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- White
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- Blue
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- BlueLight
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- Cyan
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- CyanLight
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- Green
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- GreenLight
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- Magenta
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- MagentaLight
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- Red
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- RedLight
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- Yellow
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- YellowLight
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Example use of the above colors using the pipe operator:
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```cpp
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text("Blue foreground") | color(Color::Blue);
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text("Blue background") | bgcolor(Color::Blue);
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text("Black on white") | color(Color::Black) | bgcolor(Color::White);
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```
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### Palette256 #{#dom-colors-palette-256}
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On terminal supporting 256 colors.
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@htmlonly
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<script id="asciicast-OAUc3n6QrkmrLt7XEEb8AzbLt" src="https://asciinema.org/a/OAUc3n6QrkmrLt7XEEb8AzbLt.js" async></script>
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@endhtmlonly
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```cpp
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text("HotPink") | color(Color::HotPink);
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```
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### TrueColor #{#dom-colors-true-color}
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On terminal supporting trueColor, you can directly use the 24bit RGB color
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space:
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Use the constructors below to specify the **RGB** or **HSV** values for your
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color:
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There are two constructors:
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```cpp
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ftxui::Color::RGB(uint8_t red, uint8_t green, uint8_t blue);
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ftxui::Color::HSV(uint8_t hue, uint8_t saturation, uint8_t value);
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```
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@htmlonly
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<script id="asciicast-dk5r8IcCH0aFIIgWG0keSEHMG" src="https://asciinema.org/a/dk5r8IcCH0aFIIgWG0keSEHMG.js" async></script>
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<script id="asciicast-xwzzghmqcqzIuyLwCpQFEqbEu" src="https://asciinema.org/a/xwzzghmqcqzIuyLwCpQFEqbEu.js" async></script>
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@endhtmlonly
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## Style {#dom-style}
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In addition to colored text and colored backgrounds. Many terminals support text
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effects such as: `bold`, `dim`, `underlined`, `inverted`, `blink`.
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```cpp
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Element bold(Element);
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Element dim(Element);
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Element inverted(Element);
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Element underlined(Element);
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Element blink(Element);
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Decorator color(Color);
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Decorator bgcolor(Color);
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```
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[Example](https://arthursonzogni.github.io/FTXUI/examples_2dom_2style_gallery_8cpp-example.html)
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To use these effects, simply wrap your elements with your desired effect:
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```cpp
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underlined(bold(text("This text is bold and underlined")))
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```
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Alternatively, use the pipe operator to chain it on your element:
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```cpp
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text("This text is bold")) | bold | underlined
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```
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## Layout {#dom-layout}
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Enables elements to be arranged in the following ways:
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- **Horizontally** with `ftxui::hbox`
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- **Vertically** with `ftxui::vbox`
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- **Inside a grid** with `ftxui::gridbox`
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- **Wrapped along one direction** using the `ftxui::flexbox`.
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[Example](https://arthursonzogni.github.io/FTXUI/examples_2dom_2vbox_hbox_8cpp-example.html) using `ftxui::hbox`, `ftxui::vbox` and `ftxui::filler`.
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[Example](https://arthursonzogni.github.io/FTXUI/examples_2dom_2gridbox_8cpp-example.htmlp)
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using `ftxui::gridbox`:
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[Example](https://github.com/ArthurSonzogni/FTXUI/blob/master/examples/dom/hflow.cpp)
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using flexbox:
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Checkout this
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[example](https://arthursonzogni.github.io/FTXUI/examples_2dom_2hflow_8cpp-example.html)
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and the associated
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[demo](https://arthursonzogni.com/FTXUI/examples/?file=component/flexbox).
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Element can also become flexible using the the `ftxui::flex` decorator.
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Code:
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```cpp
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hbox({
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text("left") | border ,
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text("middle") | border | flex,
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text("right") | border,
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});
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```
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Terminal output:
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```bash
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┌────┐┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐┌─────┐
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│left││middle ││right│
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└────┘└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘└─────┘
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```
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Code:
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```cpp
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hbox({
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text("left") | border ,
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text("middle") | border | flex,
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text("right") | border | flex,
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});
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```
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Terminal output:
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```bash
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┌────┐┌───────────────────────────────┐┌───────────────────────────────┐
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│left││middle ││right │
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└────┘└───────────────────────────────┘└───────────────────────────────┘
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```
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## Table {#dom-table}
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Enables easy formatting of data into a neat table like visual form.
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[Code example](https://arthursonzogni.github.io/FTXUI/examples_2dom_2table_8cpp-example.html):
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## Canvas {#dom-canvas}
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See the API [<ftxui/dom/canvas.hpp>](./canvas_8hpp_source.html)
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```cpp
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auto c = Canvas(100, 100);
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c.DrawPointLine(10, 10, 80, 10, Color::Red);
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auto element = canvas(c);
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```
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Drawing can be performed on a `ftxui::Canvas`, using braille, block, or simple
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characters:
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Simple [example](https://github.com/ArthurSonzogni/FTXUI/blob/master/examples/dom/canvas.cpp):
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Complex [example](https://github.com/ArthurSonzogni/FTXUI/blob/master/examples/component/canvas_animated.cpp):
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# component {#module-component}
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The `ftxui::component` module defines the logic that produces interactive
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components that respond to user events (keyboard, mouse, etc.).
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A `ftxui::ScreenInteractive` defines a main loop that renders a component.
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A `ftxui::Component` is a shared pointer to a `ftxui::ComponentBase`. The latter defines:
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- `ftxui::ComponentBase::Render()`: How to render the interface.
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- `ftxui::ComponentBase::OnEvent()`: How to react to events.
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- `ftxui::ComponentBase::Add()`: Construct a parent/child relationship
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between two components. The tree of component is used to define how to
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navigate using the keyboard.
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||
|
||
`ftxui::Element` are used to render a single frame.
|
||
|
||
`ftxui::Component` are used to render dynamic user interface, producing multiple
|
||
frame, and updating its state on events.
|
||
|
||
[Gallery](https://arthursonzogni.github.io/FTXUI/examples_2component_2gallery_8cpp-example.html) of multiple components. ([demo](https://arthursonzogni.com/FTXUI/examples/?file=component/gallery))
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
All predefined components are available in
|
||
["ftxui/dom/component.hpp"](./component_8hpp.html)
|
||
|
||
\include ftxui/component/component.hpp
|
||
|
||
## Input {#component-input}
|
||
|
||
[Example](https://arthursonzogni.github.io/FTXUI/examples_2component_2input_8cpp-example.html):
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Produced by: `ftxui::Input()` from "ftxui/component/component.hpp"
|
||
|
||
@htmlonly
|
||
<script id="asciicast-223719" src="https://asciinema.org/a/223719.js" async></script>
|
||
@endhtmlonly
|
||
|
||
## Menu {#component-menu}
|
||
|
||
Defines a menu object. It contains a list of entries, one of them is selected.
|
||
|
||
[Example](https://arthursonzogni.github.io/FTXUI/examples_2component_2menu_8cpp-example.html):
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Produced by: `ftxui::Menu()` from "ftxui/component/component.hpp"
|
||
|
||
@htmlonly
|
||
<script id="asciicast-223720" src="https://asciinema.org/a/223720.js" async></script>
|
||
@endhtmlonly
|
||
|
||
## Toggle {#component-toggle}
|
||
|
||
A special kind of menu. The entries are displayed horizontally.
|
||
|
||
[Example](https://arthursonzogni.github.io/FTXUI/examples_2component_2toggle_8cpp-example.html):
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Produced by: `ftxui::Toggle()` from "ftxui/component/component.hpp"
|
||
|
||
@htmlonly
|
||
<script id="asciicast-223722" src="https://asciinema.org/a/223722.js" async></script>
|
||
@endhtmlonly
|
||
|
||
## CheckBox {#component-checkbox}
|
||
|
||
This component defines a checkbox. It is a single entry that can be turned
|
||
on/off.
|
||
|
||
[Example](https://arthursonzogni.github.io/FTXUI/examples_2component_2checkbox_8cpp-example.html):
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Produced by: `ftxui::Checkbox()` from "ftxui/component/component.hpp"
|
||
|
||
@htmlonly
|
||
<script id="asciicast-223724" src="https://asciinema.org/a/223724.js" async></script>
|
||
@endhtmlonly
|
||
|
||
## RadioBox {#component-radiobox}
|
||
|
||
A radiobutton component. This is a list of entries, where one can be turned on.
|
||
|
||
[Example](https://arthursonzogni.github.io/FTXUI/examples_2component_2radiobox_8cpp-example.html):
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Produced by: `ftxui::Radiobox()` from "ftxui/component/component.hpp"
|
||
|
||
@htmlonly
|
||
<script id="asciicast-223725" src="https://asciinema.org/a/223725.js" async></script>
|
||
@endhtmlonly
|
||
|
||
## Dropdown {#component-dropdown}
|
||
|
||
A drop down menu is a component that when checked display a list of element for
|
||
the user to select one.
|
||
|
||
[Example](https://arthursonzogni.github.io/FTXUI/examples_2component_2dropdown_8cpp-example.html):
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Produced by: `ftxui::Dropdown()` from "ftxui/component/component.hpp"
|
||
|
||
## Slider {#component-slider}
|
||
|
||
Represents a slider object that consists of a range with binned intermediate
|
||
intervals. It can be created by `ftxui::Slider()`.
|
||
|
||
[Example](https://arthursonzogni.github.io/FTXUI/examples_2component_2slider_8cpp-example.html):
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Produced by: `ftxui::Slider()` from "ftxui/component/component.hpp"
|
||
|
||
## Renderer {#component-renderer}
|
||
|
||
Produced by: `ftxui::Renderer()` from \ref ftxui/component/component.hpp. This
|
||
component decorate another one by using a different function to render an
|
||
interface.
|
||
|
||
Example:
|
||
```cpp
|
||
auto inner = [...]
|
||
|
||
auto renderer = Renderer(inner, [&] {
|
||
return inner->Render() | border
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
`ftxui::Renderer` also supports the component decorator pattern:
|
||
```cpp
|
||
auto component = [...]
|
||
component = component
|
||
| Renderer([](Element e) { return e | border))
|
||
| Renderer(bold)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
As a short hand, you can also compose a component with an element decorator:
|
||
```cpp
|
||
auto component = [...]
|
||
component = component | border | bold;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## CatchEvent {#component-catchevent}
|
||
|
||
Produced by: `ftxui::CatchEvent()` from \ref ftxui/component/component.hpp.
|
||
This component decorate others, catching events before the underlying component.
|
||
|
||
Examples:
|
||
```cpp
|
||
auto screen = ScreenInteractive::TerminalOutput();
|
||
auto renderer = Renderer([] {
|
||
return text("My interface");
|
||
});
|
||
auto component = CatchEvent(renderer, [&](Event event) {
|
||
if (event == Event::Character('q')) {
|
||
screen.ExitLoopClosure()();
|
||
return true;
|
||
}
|
||
return false;
|
||
});
|
||
screen.Loop(component);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
The `ftxui::CatchEvent` can also be used as a decorator:
|
||
```cpp
|
||
component = component
|
||
| CatchEvent(handler_1)
|
||
| CatchEvent(handler_2)
|
||
| CatchEvent(handler_3)
|
||
;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Collapsible {#component-collapsible}
|
||
|
||
Useful for visual elements whose visibility can be toggle on/off by the user.
|
||
Essentially, this the combination of the `ftxui::Checkbox()` and
|
||
`ftxui::Maybe()` components.
|
||
|
||
```cpp
|
||
auto collabsible = Collapsible("Show more", inner_element);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Maybe {#component-maybe}
|
||
|
||
Produced by: `ftxui::Maybe()` from \ref ftxui/component/component.hpp.
|
||
This component can be utilized to show/hide any other component via a boolean or
|
||
a predicate.
|
||
|
||
Example with a boolean:
|
||
```cpp
|
||
bool show = true;
|
||
auto component = Renderer([]{ return "Hello World!"; });
|
||
auto maybe_component = Maybe(component, &show)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Example with a predicate:
|
||
```cpp
|
||
auto component = Renderer([]{ return "Hello World!"; });
|
||
auto maybe_component = Maybe(component, [&] { return time > 10; })
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
As usual, `ftxui::Maybe` can also be used as a decorator:
|
||
```cpp
|
||
component = component
|
||
| Maybe(&a_boolean)
|
||
| Maybe([&] { return time > 10; })
|
||
;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Container {#component-container}
|
||
|
||
### Horizontal {#component-horizontal}
|
||
|
||
Produced by: `ftxui::Container::Horizontal()` from
|
||
"ftxui/component/component.hpp". It displays a list of components horizontally
|
||
and handle keyboard/mouse navigation.
|
||
|
||
### Vertical {#component-vertical}
|
||
|
||
Produced by: `ftxui::Container::Vertical()` from
|
||
"ftxui/component/component.hpp". It displays a list of components vertically
|
||
and handles keyboard/mouse navigation.
|
||
|
||
### Tab {#component-tab}
|
||
|
||
Produced by: `ftxui::Container::Tab()` from
|
||
"ftxui/component/component.hpp". It take a list of component and display only
|
||
one of them. This is useful for implementing a tab bar.
|
||
|
||
[Vertical](https://arthursonzogni.github.io/FTXUI/examples_2component_2tab_vertical_8cpp-example.html):
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
[Horizontal](https://arthursonzogni.github.io/FTXUI/examples_2component_2tab_horizontal_8cpp-example.html):
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## ResizableSplit {#component-resizable-split}
|
||
|
||
It defines a horizontal or vertical separation between two children components.
|
||
The position of the split is variable and controllable using the mouse.
|
||
There are four possible splits:
|
||
- `ftxui::ResizableSplitLeft()`
|
||
- `ftxui::ResizableSplitRight()`
|
||
- `ftxui::ResizableSplitTop()`
|
||
- `ftxui::ResizableSplitBottom()`
|
||
from "ftxui/component/component.hpp"
|
||
|
||
[Example](https://arthursonzogni.github.io/FTXUI/examples_2component_2resizable_split_8cpp-example.html):
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
@htmlonly
|
||
<script id="asciicast-tprMH2EdkUoMb7D2YxgMGgpzx" src="https://asciinema.org/a/tprMH2EdkUoMb7D2YxgMGgpzx.js" async></script>
|
||
@endhtmlonly
|
||
|
||
## Force a frame redraw. {#component-force-redraw}
|
||
|
||
Typically, `ftxui::ScreenInteractive::Loop()` is responsible for drawing a new
|
||
frame whenever a new group of events (e.g keyboard, mouse, window resize, etc.)
|
||
has been processed. However, you might want to react to arbitrary events that
|
||
are unknown to FTXUI. To accomplish this, you must post events using
|
||
`ftxui::ScreenInteractive::PostEvent` (**this is thread safe**) via a thread.
|
||
You will have to post the event `ftxui::Event::Custom`.
|
||
|
||
Example:
|
||
```cpp
|
||
screen->PostEvent(Event::Custom);
|
||
```
|